Fungal infection nail treatment

Introduction:
 
Nails are present at the end of each fingertip on the dorsal surface. The main function of nails is to protect and it also provides a strong grip to hold things. It is made up of a strong and relatively flexible keratin nail. plaque from the nail matrix. Below the nail plate is a layer of soft tissue called the nail bed. Between the skin and the nail plate there is a fold or cuticle. A normal healthy nail has a pinkish color and a convex surface from side to side. Fingernails grow 1cm in 3 months and toenails take 24 months to reach the same growth rate.
 
The importance of nails in diagnosing diseases:
 
The color, shape, form and nature of nails provide information about a person's general health and hygiene. All doctors examine nails regularly for clues about underlying diseases. You just need to look at the nails to determine a person's hygiene level. Abnormal nails can be congenital or due to certain diseases. The causes of nail changes are very diverse, from simple reasons to life-threatening diseases. Therefore, a doctor's examination is necessary for diagnosis. Some unusual findings with possible causes are discussed here to provide general awareness.
1) Hygiene:
 
We can distinguish an unclean nail very easily. Deposition of dirt under the distal end of the nail plate can lead to ingestion of pathogens when eating or drinking. If nail clipping is not done properly it can lead to the formation of worms. disorders in children. When the worms crawl into the anus and the child scratches, the worm eggs will stick under the nail and will be absorbed when eaten. Prominent nails can also complicate skin diseases caused by scratching habits. Children’s sharp nails cause small injuries when they kick or wave their hands.
 
2) Nail color:
 
Pale nails due to anemia.
 
Milky white discoloration (leukonychia) seen in chronic kidney failure and nephrotic syndrome.
 
White color is also seen in hypoalbuminemia, as well as in cirrhosis and kidney disorders.
 
Sulphonamide drugs, antimalarial drugs, antibiotics... can cause nail discoloration’s) Fungal infection causes black discoloration.
 
When infected with pseudomonas, nails turn black or green.
 
Nail bed infarction occurs in vasculitis, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus and periarteritis.
 
Observed red dots on the nails due to hemorrhage in subacute bacterial endocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, collagen-related vascular diseases.
 
Blunt trauma causes hemorrhage and causes a blue/black wound’s) Nails turn brown in case of kidney disease and impaired adrenal function.
 
k) In Wilson's disease, the nail appears blue in a semicircle shape.
 
l) When blood supply decreases, nails turn yellow. In jaundice and psoriasis, the nails also become slightly yellow.